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U.S. Patent 1,879,647 · B. H. Thompson · Westinghouse Air Brake · 1932 · the heart of the 9½″ pump
Reversing Valve for Fluid Compressors — why the pump goes fwoosh-chunk
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FWOOSH
Motion
Steam drives the top piston; the rod drives the air piston below. At each stroke end the reversing rod trips the pilot — and steam SNAPS the valves over.
Amber glow = live steam · dim blue = exhausting · light dots = air. Thompson's fix: the stroke only triggers the reversal — steam pressure completes it, so the pump can never stall half-thrown.